Vedic Wisdom - Major Concepts of Shaiva Siddhanta - 2

Vedic Wisdom

Major Concepts of Shaiva Siddhanta

The path of charya involves serving Lord Shiva in a temple or religious place by performing such tasks as cleaning, cooking, carrying water, gathering flowers etc. This is called dasa-mriga or the path of the servant. By this path one gains entry into Kailas or the world of Shiva.

The path of kriya involves performing devotional tasks such as worshipping the idol of Shiva, singing devotional songs, reciting the mantras, narrating stories about Shiva or doing personal service to Shiva like a son does to his father. This is called sat-putra-marga or the path of a good son. By following this path one gains close proximity to Lord Shiva. 

The path of yoga involves practicing yoga exercises (asanas) and meditation and contemplation (dhyana). By following this path one gets an opportunity to live constantly in the company of Shiva and become his spiritual companion. Hence this path is called sakha-marga or the path of friendship.

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The path of knowledge is the fourth path. It is the best and most direct path to the world of Shiva. The other three are actually considered inferior to it. On this path, jnyana or knowledge is the means. It is called sat-marga because it takes the jivas closer to Sat or Truth and makes it possible for them to experience or become aware of their true Shiva consciousness.

After liberation, the liberated soul knows that its intrinsic nature is that of Shiva but that it is not Shiva or the Supreme Self. Thus in its liberated state it continues to experience some form of duality, while enjoying Shiva (pati) consciousness as its true consciousness free from all bonds (pasas).

In Shaiva Siddhanta, liberation of a jiva does not mean that its existence as an individual soul is lost forever. After liberation the jivas enjoy a special relationship with Shiva called bheda-abheda (separation and non-separation), which essentially means the duality between the two (the linga and the anga) linger, one being the whole and the other being the part, but the unity of experience prevail. The relationship is not of oneness but of sameness.

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In their liberated state the jivas experience unlimited bliss and freedom from the bonds (pashas) of Samsara. The Shiva-jnyana-bodham cautions the individual jivas who have become free while still living on earth to maintain inner purity and practice austerities so that, when they finally depart from here, the fruit of their previous actions do not interfere with their final liberation.

Shaiva Siddhanta recognizes three types of jivas or souls based on their degree of bondage to the pashas or impurities. In the first category are the souls that are bound by all the three bonds (pashas) namely anava, karma and maya. In the second category are souls that free from two bonds namely karma and maya and are bound by anava alone. In the third category are souls that become free from maya only during pralaya or the dissolution of the entire creation.

As we can note Shaiva siddhanta has certain very special aspects which is not seen in Upanishads . For example here it talks about five aspects i.e., the two aspects of ‘tirodhanam’- ‘veiling’ and ‘anugraha’-‘unveiling’ in addition to the three aspects of creation,sustenance and dissolution.The veiling is done for the humans to experience the universe and the unveiling is done because that is what the Jiva now longs. But it will be very interesting to note that ‘Lalita Sahasranamam’ and ‘Srichakra’ has covered these five aspects as well.The aspects of ‘veiling’ and ‘unveiling’ establishes the God’s desire for the jivas to enjoy the world and at the same time grant them liberation if they want it.

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This article is a snippet from the Book Vedic Wisdom, Authored by Pandit Sri Rama Sharma. Vedic Wisdom is available online at www.giri.in and across Giri Trading Agency Private Limited, A chain of Speciality Stores dealing in all kinds of products needed in Indian Culture and Tradition.

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