Sundarakanda is considered to be one of the most
beautiful chapters in The Ramayana. Some say that it is even the jewel among
all the Kandas of Ramayana because this part describes the happenings in Sita’s
life that Rama did not know but learnt through Hanuman and others. Further, Hanuman gives a short account of Ramayana as he sings it to Sita in order to
gain her confidence. It is believed that reading Sundarakanda could alleviate
troubles and bring prosperity and peace. Valmiki describes beautifully the
scene of Hanuman crossing the sea and has devoted 228 verses just to describe
the whole event.
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Hanuman crossing the sea
Hanuman decided in his mind to cross the sea, go to Lanka and find the whereabouts of Sita. He grew in his height and roamed smashing things, uprooting trees and killing several animals. He then prayed to Surya, Indra and Vayu. He offered prayers to Rama and Lakshmana and offered respects to the sea Lord. He then hugged all the Vanaras and told them to wait for him there. He then grew into a huge form and then climbed Mahendra Mountain. It trembled under his feet. He pressed hard on the ground and rose into the sky. While doing so he uprooted several trees, crushed rocks and drove the animals which ran away in fright. As he arose in the air, the trees with their branches and flowers followed him for some instants like the relatives and friends as it were, who accompany a person to say goodbye to him. The sea was littered with so many flowers that it looked like the sky full of stars. The snakes in the sea took Hanuman to Garuda and were frightened to death. His enormous shadow (ten Yojanas wide and thirty Yojanas long) looked beautiful on the sea surface. As he flew he appeared and disappeared among the clouds like the Moon.
All the rishis and Gandharvas praised Hanuman for his
extraordinary feat and for the great mission that he had undertaken for Rama.
The Sea God wanted to honour Hanuman who was going to find out about Sita because
the sea had been made bigger by the king one of the ancestors of Rama. So he asked
the Mainaka Mountain, which had submerged in the sea a long time ago, to grow and
come up so that Hanuman can rest on its peak for a while. Mainaka also rose up
accordingly like a rising Sun.
Hanuman saw this mountain rising up and mistook it to be
a hindrance for him and so he smashed it with his chest. Mainaka took a human
form and prayed to Hanuman and said “You are my honoured guest and I wish to
offer you hospitality which you should accept. Eat the fruits which are in
plenty and rest for a while on my peak”. He also said “In the past, in Krita
Yuga, the mountains also had wings and could fly all over the places. The rishis
and other beings were scared that the mountain could fall on them and so prayed
to Indra. He cut off the wings of the mountains. Indra approached me and I
prayed to Vayu, the Lord of wind who just pushed me away and I was thus saved.
So I am grateful to Vayu your father and thus happy to offer you hospitality”.
Hanuman was so pleased that he hugged him but said that he had no time to spare
as he was on a very urgent mission for Rama and took leave of him. Hanuman then
rose up in the sky and hastened towards Lanka. Lord Indra was also pleased with
Mainaka and let him live without fear from him.
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The great rishis and Siddhas wanted to reassure
themselves of the valour and strength of mighty Hanuman. So they asked Surasa
the mother of serpents to stand in the way of Hanuman by taking a fearful form
and blocking him for a moment. They said that they wanted to test Hanuman’s
strength and courage. So Surasa took a huge and fearful form of Rakshasi and
stood in front of Hanuman and challenged him saying “You have been sent as my
prey by the Devas and so I am going to eat you. Therefore I ask you to enter my
mouth”. Hanuman with folded hands told her that he was going on an important
mission for Rama whose wife Sita had been taken away by Ravana by force. He
promised her that once the mission was accomplished he himself would come to
her and be her food. Surasa was adamant and told him that there was no way for
Hanuman to enter her mouth. She said that besides it was a boon granted to
her by Lord Brahma. So saying, she opened her mouth wide. Hanuman got wild and
challenged her to swallow him if she could and grew bigger in size. She opened
her mouth even wider to swallow him. But Hanuman grew still bigger. This went
on for some time and Surasa opened her mouth very wide in order to swallow
Hanuman. He looked at her with her big mouth and a large tongue and he suddenly
shrunk his size and became as small as a thumb. Then with great speed, he
entered her mouth and came out instantly before she could realise what had
happened. He then thanked her and said that he did enter her mouth as per her
wish and in accordance with the boon granted to her by Lord Brahma. So he asked
her to let him go. Surasa was pleased and blessed Hanuman and said that his
mission would be successful and that Sita would join her husband Rama.
Hanuman sped across the sky flying through the clouds.
Suddenly he realised that he was being retarded by a force. It was a Rakshasi
called Simhika who had the power to draw anyone to her by catching his shadow
and pulling it. Hanuman saw a very ugly-looking Rakshasi of enormous size with
a big mouth. He remembered the words of Sugreeva who had cautioned the Vanaras
about such a rakshasi. So he thought for a while and increased his size and
fell into her mouth like thunder. Then he came out tearing her apart. He then
continued his flight forward with great speed and as Valmiki says “with the
speed of the Mind (mano vega)”. How beautiful is his comparison! I remember
reading as a young boy a beautiful poem in English by Alexander Selkirk if my
memory does not fail me. He says “how fast is the fleet of mind compared to the
speed of light”. So it is indeed amazing that Valmiki used the mind as a
reference to describe the great speed.
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After killing Simhika Hanuman continued his journey. He
saw several forests along the sea. He decreased his size in order that he would
not be noticed by the rakshasas. He then landed on a hill called Lamba Hill
which was beautiful with trees and plants. Then he saw the beautiful city of
Lanka.
Though he had crossed the sea he was not at all tired and
he wandered in the beautiful woods with so many varieties of trees Valmiki
mentions even date palms among them. Hanuman saw Lanka with so many beautiful
palaces surrounded by water full of lotus flowers, with golden walls and well
guarded by rakshasas. There were wide and clean avenues with well-decorated
arches. The city looked like Amaravati city in the Devaloka. It appeared to him
as though it was floating in the sky. He reached the Northern Gate and pondered
for a while whether the Vanaras could succeed to win over this strong city. He
started worrying if Sita was still alive. He realised that he could not enter
the city in his usual form and thought that he should use some cunning tactics
to win over those powerful rakshasas. He decided to wait for nightfall to
start his search for Sita. As the description goes one would think that Hanuman
was somewhat perturbed if not in a slightly depressive mood. He was very
careful that his search mission should not be spoilt by any false step.
So Hanuman decided to wait for the sunset. Then he decreased his size to that of a small cat and started running in the streets in order to observe the place. He was amazed to see the beautiful city with palaces of marble decorated with gold and some of them even seven storeys high. It looked like a dream world to him. He was looking for Sita everywhere.
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